Looking at your screenshots and comparing to the standard settings in my system it looks like you should not have a full URL in the launchpad role config only the app's relative path such as /sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/mm_pr_apv
Under additional information it should say: SAPUI5.Component=ui.s2p.mm.requisition.approve
Not sure if this plays a role or not.
I have those settings and can launch apps from the launchapd without an issue. My problem is the opposite of yours. I cannot run the new apps outside of the launchpad. When I try:
http://<hostname>:<port>/sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/mm_pr_apv
I'm get an error saying "File sap/sd_so_mon/index.html NOT found!"
When I run the old "Wave 1" version of the same app, it works without a problem:
/sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/ui5_mm_pr_apv/